Two Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report Sample

Two Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report Paper It has isentropic processes occur that upon investigation describes the Carrot cycle. It can be shown that it is the most efficient cycle for converting a given amount of Herman energy into work, or conversely, creating a temperature difference by doing a given amount of work. Calculations were done for the air compressor, combustion chamber and turbines. Power, isentropic efficiency, mechanical efficiency and pressure loss were all deduced with error factors in mind. In the combustion chamber, the overall pressure loss and the turbine entry temperature were calculated excluding the theoretical temperature rise in the thermal efficiency calculation. In turbine 1, pressure ratio and thermal efficiency was calculated, However frictional reheating occurs allowing the calculation or thermal efficiency to be tweaked a little. In the gas generator power, isentropic and mechanical efficiency were calculated with both the turbine and the compressor considered. Similarly the gas turbine calculations were done taking into consideration that the fifth temperature had to be theoretically derived, allowing for some margin of error. Finally the overall power efficiency of the two-shaft turbine Vass calculated with the adjusted thermal efficiency from the chamber. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Let Him Have It. Essays

Let Him Have It. Essays Let Him Have It. Essay Let Him Have It. Essay In this essay, Im going to tell you about a film called Let Him Have It. Its about two young boys who get involved in the killing of a police officer. Derek Bentley, 19, and Christopher Craig, 16, never thought they would get to a point where one of them had to kill someone when breaking and entering into a warehouse. The director, Peter Medak made the film because he wanted the audience to feel sympathy for Derek Bentley, who was executed for a crime he didnt commit. Whereas Craig, the young gangster who brutally murdered police officer, PC Miles, got only 10 years in prison because of being underage. The director showed us about Dereks early life by making the young boy look defenceless and innocent during the blitz. First came the flashbacks when London was under attack, where Derek was buried under a pile of debris. The mood was frantic, everyone was trying to help him and it was all chaotic. This childhood is completely different to Craigs one. Craig was a big troublemaker; he had a very rough childhood compared to Dereks. The director showed these two scenes about both Derek and Christopher because, he wanted the audience to know what kind of backgrounds these boys came from. He wanted us to judge Derek and Christophers past up to what they have become now. Derek came from a loving family who cared and stood by him. Examples where love and support is shown in Dereks family is when he had nice long chats with his sister, Iris, in his bedroom, when she encouraged him to give up smoking, this shows that she really cares for her brother and wants him to be happy and healthy. Another example is when his father tries to get a job for his son. What made Dereks parents happy was when his sister took him out for the first time into town. The director also shows the whole family having a Sunday evening together chilling out and relaxing in the living room. Whereas Craigs family is not shown in the film to represent they dont spend time with each other, except for his brother Niven who got into trouble mostly all the time, he served 12 years in prison for armed robbery at Waltham Abbey. Dereks lack of confidence is shown wherever he is. For example, when he and his sister were out in town, they entered a record shop, and the woman behind the counter started flirting with him. He didnt know what to say and stuttered because he was so nervous. Other times too, like in the courtroom his head was down because he was too nervous to look at people, even his own family. This behaviour is totally different looking at how Craig acts. Whenever hes with his friends, he feels as if hes the leader of the gang and takes control of everything. His confidence got him into trouble sometimes, always taking risks, like in the early days at school, when he used to swap guns with classmates. He was always trying to show them off, and one reason for this, is because his classmates used to take the mickey out of him for having dyslexia. Hes the cocky and cheeky type, this shows that Craig has to act like this to make others aware that he is not scared easily and can stand up for himself. In the courtroom, Derek shaked and nearly had a fit when he spoke but Craig had his chin up and spoke clearly, with cocky confidence and arrogance to the judge. Derek admires and looks up to Craig because he finds everything great in Craigs lifestyle. Examples are friends, money, women, cars Craig makes it look easy about having a girlfriend, loads of friends, having a lot of money and possessing a nice car. Derek wants Craigs life because he thinks its exciting and fun. The night when they decided to rob the warehouse was actually the night of the shooting. They both climbed over the gate, first Craig then Derek. At that precise moment, a little girl sees them and the police are alerted. When the police arrive, Dereks behaviour changes. He thinks about what his family will make of him - My dad is going to kill me he starts to panic and wants to own up but Craig holds him back. Craig is acting jumpy as well but tries to stay calm. He tries to play it tough, and making it like hes not scared and in control. He says things that he thinks are daring to the police officer, like-Come and get me if you want! During the trial, Derek is shown to be vulnerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. When he answers questions he looks down and shakes a lot. During that time the camera does a close up of him looking nervous, because when the judge asked him a question, he was nervous about his answer. Derek tells his story with hesitation, however Craig just tells it without even thinking. When the judge told him about the amount of guns he carried from the age of 11 to 16 and then went on to ask if he carried them with him altogether, Craig seemed to find that amusing and answered mockingly Of course not Sir, I carried a few at a time The director shows people in authority in a bad light in the film- to make us think that theyve done wrong, and punished an innocent person. For example, the people who put Derek in approved school, they seem like they cant be bothered with Derek, they dont think hes smart, and want nothing to do with him. Also, he shows that the army medical officer, doesnt want an unhealthy person like Derek to fight with a weakness, in this case- Dereks fits. The policeman on the roof was much the same, he could clearly see that Derek did nothing, possessed no gun, and killed no one, but he assumed that his fatal words - Let him have it Chris directly meant - Shoot him. However, any person who thinks logically will know that Dereks innocent words actually meant- Let him have the gun, Chris. The judge, jury and lawyer also mistake those clear unoffending words for something they think are guilty, which makes Dereks chances of not being executed very low. In the last part of the film, the build-up to the hanging is very emotional and stressful for everyone. The director tries to break our hearts, showing us the state of the family, people who support Derek; he does a close-up of the clock to indicate how much time Derek has before his brutal death. The music is very slow and gentle, so it can match the speed of the pre-execution. At around 9am, hes in his cell, saying his final prayers with a Priest. The actual hanging itself, happened so suddenly, you didnt have time to think about what was going on. Derek was shaking as the police officer gave him his drink to calm him down, then being taken away to his death place. When he was being executed, the speed changed very quickly as did the music, it went along with the speed- very fast. The way the director shows Derek, roughly handled by the men and how abrupt the procedure was, with a bag on his head and feet and hands tied up, makes us feel very sorry for him and angry with everyone w ho put him through that. And thats exactly what the director intended us to feel when he made this film.

Innovating assesment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Innovating assesment - Assignment Example Innovation is the use of new knowledge to offer new products and services that are required by the customer in the market. To say that innovation has a complex nature is to refer to the process of innovation not only as a creation or invention of a novel idea, but to refer to innovation as to comprise of the activities involved in its implementation and development. According to Van de Ven, (1986, p. 591), innovation has been defined as the ‘’development and implementation of new ideas by people who over time engage in transactions with others within changing institutional and organizational context.’’ This thus makes it accentuate its context dependency and also its social, political, collective and temporal nature. It has been observed therefore that, scholars who aspire to understand the emergence and development of innovation have always recognized that innovation is a complex, iterative and a dynamic process which cannot be separated from its broader c oncept, (Barrett & Walsham, 1999). Over the years, researchers have observed innovation to move from less complex models which do not capture its complexity to more complex and in-depth inductive studies that show the development of innovation over time, (Edwards, 2000). ... fluid models which portray the innovative process is distinguished by Wolfe (1994) in a review of the organization innovation literature, and importantly noting that linear models of innovations were not followed by the innovations which develop within the organizations, but instead, the innovations originated through an ‘’iterative process with many feedback together with feed forward cycles (p. 411). Following the results of a very recent research that was published between 1997 and 2002, it was confirmed unequivocally that non-linearity of innovation in an organization is likened to a form of social structuring having attendant intricate and interactive effects, (Anderson, De Dreu, & Nijstad, 2004). Within the social system, theories of innovation are fundamentally considered as theories of change. Innovation can take two models; the linear and the non-linear models of innovation. The linear model is always considered to be a simpler model of innovation. This model ha s received recognition since the 1940s and claims that, ‘’innovation originates from the nursery of basic research.’’ It tries to compare innovation with a growing child, who goes through school and to the university to full time employment (Chia, 1996). Innovation on the other hand begins from the basic research to development, and finally to the marketplace. This linear model of innovation contains some elements of truth, but misses the fact that innovation may come from the other way round. This is to say, the linear model takes it that innovation may only come from researchers and neglects the fact that it might also result from consumers, users and efforts to solve certain practical problems (Czarniawska, 2005). The model also overstates the contribution the basic research makes to the

Food Safety Requirements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food Safety Requirements - Essay Example Organizations used to implement wrong storage practices that would often lead to the food ingredients spoiling while under production but to meet their profit obligations they will go on to introduce the harmful products into the market. Based on statistics from CDC, approximately forty-eight million people fall sick in the United States of America alone from foodborne diseases. Out of the forty-eight million people, one hundred and twenty-eight thousand die annually due to foodborne diseases that are majorly caused by food contamination. With the new rules, FDA can take action before the products are introduced into the market thus saving numerous lives that would have been endangered by harmful food substances. Ideally, the food industry is one of the most delicate sectors that require strict regulation since it directly impacts on the health and well-being of the consumers. Safety was always the driving force that guided the industry but with increased competition and advancement in technology, companies are now aiming at maximizing their profits at the expense of the well-being of the consumers. The law comes at an opportune moment when the world is gaping with the issue of Genetically Modified Organisms. The debate on GMOs has been on-going for a considerable period and still, there are not substantive steps that have been made to regulate the use and safety of these products. Typically, the American market is the one that is infiltrated with the largest percentage of GMO products in the entire universe.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Research Paper

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Research Paper Example PPACA will impact small, medium, and large businesses. In addition, this paper brings into light the impact of PPACA on the current and future employees in small, medium, and large businesses. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is a health care reform act officially signed into law by Barrack Obama, the current president of the United States (Timby and Smith 4). PPACA is also referred to as Obamacare. This act was drafted with the main objective of making available a cost effective or inexpensive health care to individuals in the U.S. who until that time could not afford health care insurance. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cited by Timby and Smith shows that "Prior to its passage, approximately 47 million Americans had no access to healthcare, and another 30 million had inadequate healthcare coverage" (4). It is of significance to note that those individuals already covered by healthcare insurance before the enactment of PPACA ar e likely to observe only slight changes in terms of their health insurance coverage. (Timby and Smith 4). Estimates explicated by Timby and Smith shows that approximately 32 million individuals in the United States were anticipated to have healthcare coverage by the year 2014 as a result of Obamacare (4). There are a number of issues stipulated in the PPACA act. Firstly, the act obligates individuals in the U.S. who can afford health insurance to pay for their cover or otherwise pay a fine (Timby and Smith 4).

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow The nature of subsonic airflow over aerodynamic sections and over the aircraft at large must be considered, including the forces that result from such airflow and the effect these forces have on the aircraft, during steady flight and during manoeuvres. Although there are various kinds of pressure, pilots are mainly concerned with atmospheric pressure. It is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift an aircraft, and actuates some of the important flight instruments. The pressure of the atmosphere varies with time and location. Due to the changing atmospheric pressure, a standard reference was developed. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established this as a worldwide standard, and it is often referred to as International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere. Large modern passenger aircraft can weigh in excess of five hundred thousand kilograms when they fly with a full fuel and passenger load, yet this combined mass is lifted into the air with apparent ease. Modern jet fighter aircraft can exceed the speed of sound and are very manoeuvrable. Thrust, drag, lift, and weight are forces that act upon all aircraft in flight. Understanding how these forces work and knowing how to control them with the use of power and flight controls are essential to flight. Task 1 A, The international standard atmosphere is an atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density and viscosity of the earths atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes. ISA model divides the atmosphere into layers. http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.png Atmospheric Layers Figure 1 source= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=international+standard+atmosphere+diagramum=1hl=ensa=Nbiw=1366bih=667tbm=ischtbnid=IWsOmm4pNQN12M:imgrefurl=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Atmospheric_lapse_ratedocid=IVZzKSSCCNR_KMimgurl=http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.pngw=350h=385ei=aImJUMrXNo2Y1AWj04G4Dwzoom=1iact=hcvpx=369vpy=138dur=273hovh=207hovw=188tx=145ty=90sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=137tbnw=125start=0ndsp=19ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:72 Troposphere Troposphere contains about 80% of atmospheres mass 99 % of its water vapour and aerosol. The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as the altitude increases. The reason for the temperature difference is that the absorption of the suns energy occurs at the top of the atmosphere cooling the Earth, this process maintaining the overall heat balance of the Earth. Stratosphere Stratosphere is the second important layer of the atmosphere. It is separated from troposphere by tropopause. It takes about 12 to 50km of the atmosphere. The temperature increases as the altitude increase. At the top of the stratosphere the thin air may attain temperature close to 0c. this is happening because of the absorption of UV radiation from the sun by the ozone layer. Such a temperature profile creates very stable atmospheric conditions and the stratospheric lacks the air turbulence that is so prevalent in the troposphere. Stratosphere is completely free of clouds and any other forms of weather. This layer is very good for the flights to fly as it is above stormy weather and has strong, steady and horizontal winds. Stratosphere is separated from the mesosphere by the stratopause. Mesosphere This layer is the third highest layer of the atmosphere. This layer takes 50 to 80km above the surface of the Earth. It is separated from the stratosphere by stratopause and from the thermosphere by mesopause. Temperature drops when the altitude increases to about -100. Mesosphere is the coldest of all the layers as it is colder than Antarctica. This layer can freeze water vapour into ice clouds so that when the sunlight hits them you can see it after sunset. It is also the layer where the meteors burns up while entering the Earths atmosphere. Thermosphere Thermosphere is the outer layer of the atmosphere. Mesopause separates mesosphere from thermosphere. In this layer the temperature rise continually to well beyond 1000 The few molecules that are in this layer receives an extraordinary amount of energy from the sun therefore warms up the layer making it hotter. Air temperature however is the measure of the kinetic energy of air molecules, not of the total energy stored by the air so the air is so thin within the thermosphere, such temperature values is not comparable to other layers. Although the temperature is very high we would feel very cold because the total energy of only a few air molecules residing there wouldnt be enough to transfer any heat to our skin. Ionosphere After thermosphere its Ionosphere. This area is full of ionized air extending from 80km above the Earths surface altitudes of 600km and more. Technically Inosphere is not layer.In this region/area the suns energy breaks molecules and atoms of air as the energy is so strong and hot leaving ions and free floating electrons. Ionisation of the air molecules is produced by UV radiation, other radiation from sun and cosmic rays. Ionosphere is the region where aurora appears. B, Source figure 2= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=turbulent+and+laminar+flowum=1hl=ennoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=-FJHlXUJvGV3qM:imgrefurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/L/laminar_flow.htmldocid=aHyeoqPiHZRJqMimgurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpgw=280h=171ei=LIqJUL2YKcLX0QXjxoBIzoom=1iact=rcdur=364sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=136tbnw=224start=0ndsp=16ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:87tx=89ty=37biw=1366bih=667http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpg Laminar flow Turbulent flow Laminar flow is good for aircrafts as there is less drag and much easier to create lift. It is a very smooth and uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the wings and other parts of an aircraft. Laminar is found at the front of the streamlined body. An air foil is designed for minimum drag and uninterrupted flow of the boundary layer is called a laminar air foil. The pattern of the flow involves of layers. Particles in each layer do not interfere with other particles in the other layer which makes it smooth flowing layers. There is no difference in velocity between the layers. Boundary layers are thinner at the leading edge of the aircraft wing and thicker towards the trailing edge, such boundary has laminar flow in the leading portion and turbulent flow at the trailing portion. There is more drag than laminar. In this flow the direction and velocity changes continuously. Particles move opposite to other particles causing collision which makes turbulence. The trust need to be more counteract the flow of turbulence. Reynolds number is dimensionless quantity associated with the smoothness of flow of air/fluid. At low velocity the flow of a fluid/gas is laminar; the fluid/gas in the layers of laminar flow gives rise to viscosity. As the gas flows more rapidly, it reaches a velocity known as critical velocity. This is when the motion changes from laminar to turbulent. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow. The coefficient of viscosity of gases increases with increasing temperature. Task2 A, Bernoullis principle As the velocity of the gas increases the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases. The aeroplane gets part of the lift from Bernoullis principles. This principle says that increased air velocity produces. When the Bernoullis principle is applied the fluid has these qualities Fluid flows more smoothly Fluid flows without any swirls(eddies) Fluid flows everywhere through the pipe Fluid has same density everywhere As the fluid passes through a narrow or wide pipe, the velocity and pressure of the fluid vary. As the fluid flows through a narrow pipe the flow quickly. This principle says that fluid flows more quickly through the narrow section, the pressure actually decreases than increasing. Air passes faster over the top of the cambered wing and results in lower pressure. The top of the wing is curved, the air that passes over the top of the wing moves faster because it travels a greater distance in the same amount of time as compared to the air that passes underneath the wing. Lift is created because the air under the wing is slower and exerts higher air pressure so the difference in the pressure creates the lift. Venturi principle An inverse association of gas pressure, velocity of flow, and restriction of passage. This principle states that the pressure drop distal to a restriction can nearly be restored to the pre restriction pressure if there is a dilation of the passage immediately distal to the stenos is, with an angle of divergence not exceeding 15 degrees. In venture tube the area decreases the velocity increases and the pressure decreases, and vice versa as well. So the difference in pressure creates lift. B, Total drag Total drag is the sum of all of the aerodynamic forces which act parallel to, and opposite to, the direction of flight also it is the total resistance to the motion of the aircraft through the air.it is the sum of other drags acting on the aeroplane which are parasite drag and induced drag. Induced drag is the drag created by the vortices at the tip of an aircrafts wing. Induced drag is the drag due to lift. The high pressure underneath the wing causes the airflow at the tips of the wings to curl around from bottom to top in circular ms in a trailing vortex. Induced drag increases in direct proportion to increases in the angle of attack. the circular motion creates a change in the angle of attack near the wing tip which causes an increase in drag. The greater the angle of attack up to the critical angle, the greater the amount of lift developed and the greater the induced drag. parasite drag the parasite drag of a airplane in the cruise configuration primarily of the skin friction, roughness and pressure drag of the major components. There is usually some additional parasite drag due to such things as fuselage upsweep, control surface gaps, base areas and other extraneous items. Since most of the elements that make up the total parasite drag are dependent on Reynolds number and since some are dependent on mach number, it is necessary to specify the conditions under which the parasite drag is to be evaluated. In the method of these notes, the conditions selected are the mach number and the Reynolds number corresponding to the flight condition of interest. This drag comprises skin, form drag and interference drag. Skin friction drag is a friction force between an object and the air through which it is moving produce skin friction drag. Form drag is when the airflow actually separates from the surface, eddies are formed and the streamline flow is disturbed. The turbulent wa ke so formed increase drag this is form drag. Interference drag is caused by flow interference at the wing and other such junctions. This interference leads to the modification of boundary layers and creates a greater pressure difference between the for and after area on the surface concerns. This in turn leads to greater total drag. Fairing or additional fillets are used to streamline these intersections and decrease interference drag. C, Source figure 3= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=profile+drag+and+induced+dragum=1hl=ensa=Xnoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=eSw05QCIXK4Q7M:imgrefurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/docid=sfAMOtTI2SixKMimgurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/avd.gifw=356h=310ei=a4qJUO3ADYSp0QXWsYGgAQzoom=1iact=rcdur=770sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=159tbnw=178start=0ndsp=25ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:78tx=168ty=69biw=1366bih=667http://www.copters.com/aero/pictures/Fig_2-23.gif Profile drag Induced drag Is the drag incurred from frictional resistance of the blades passing through the air. It doesnt change significantly with an angle of attack of the airfoil section, but increase moderately as airspeed increases. Is the drag incurred as a result of production of lift. Higher angles of attack which produced more lift also produce increased induced drag. In rotary wing aircraft induced drag decreased aircraft airspeed. The induced drag is the portion of the total aerodynamic force which is oriented in the direction opposing the movement of the airfoil. D, Force diagram for an aircraft steady turning E, Vector force diagram

Christian Perspectives on Euthanasia Essay

Christian Perspectives Roger Crook captures the Christian perspective on euthanasia by posing the question in terms of how we care for the dying. What do we do for the person who is comatose with no hope of recovery How do we care for the terminally ill person whose remaining days are increasingly agonisingly painful? The Human being is not simply a biological entity but a person, in the image of God and Christ. Death marks the end of a personhood in this life. Biblical teachings prohibit killing; the Sixth Commandment states ‘You shall not kill’ – both in terms of murder and involuntary manslaughter. Life should not be violated, while the prohibition of killing seems to be a moral absolute of Christianity there are exceptions for warfare and self-defence. There are examples in the Bible where the sacrifice of life is considered virtuous ‘Greater love has no man than this: That a man lay down his life for his friends’ The Bible does not prohibit all taking of life in all circumstances, although Christians have traditionally considered taking one’s own life to be wrong Roman Catholic Perspectives At the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, the Roman Catholic Church condemned crimes again life ‘such as any type of murder, genocide ,abortion, euthanasia or wilful suicide’ Life is sacred and a gift from God, ‘which they are called upon to preserve and make fruitful’ To take a life opposes God’s love for that person, and rejects the duty of a person to live life according to God’s plan. In the same declaration, the Roman Catholic Church made it clear that it was wrong to ask someone for an assisted death, and that an individual cannot consent to such a death: â€Å"For it is a question of the violation of the divine law, an offence against the dignity of the human person, a crime against life, and an attack on humanity’ The kind of autonomy that John Stuart Mill argues for is rejected by the Roman Catholic Church. We simply don’t have that freedom, because we are made by God for the purpose of loving God. A distinct argument is made about suffering and its role in Christian theology. Jesus died in pain on the cross, and human suffering at the end of life connects us to the suffering that Jesus felt. This does not mean that Christians should refuse to take painkillers or should actively seek pain, but it does grant suffering the possibility of having a positive effect on the individual. It provides the change that he or she may grow closer to God. Thomas Wood writes that suffering can seem meaningless, is terrible and is never sought, it is not the worst evil – it can be an occasion for spiritual growth and it can have moral effects on those in attendance. It can have meaning in the context of a life lived in faith. Protestant Perspectives Liberal Joseph Fletcher is an active advocate of the patient’s ‘right to de’ on the basis that Christian faith emphasises love for one’s fellow human being, and that death is not the end for Christians. Acts of kindness may embrace euthanasia, for instance when a human being is dying in agony, as a response to human need. Fletcher’s argument for euthanasia is essentially based around four points: 1. The quality of life is to be valued over biological life 2. Death is a friend to someone with a debilitating illness 3. All medical interventions place human will against nature and extraordinary means 4. Special equipment and unnecessary surgery are not morally required for a person who is terminally ill People are prepared to ‘face death and accept death as preferable to continuous suffering for the patient and the family’ There is no distinction between our response to a suffering animal or human. There is no difference between passive and active euthanasia as the result is the same. Conservative Represented by Arthur Dyck – he thinks an act of kindness can result in withdrawing treatment but not doing something actively to bring about death. Permitting some acts of active euthanasia, such as in the case of severely disable children, seems to be creating a class of human beings who are treated as less valued. He argues that a mentally retarded child is not dying, is not in pain an cannot choose to die. â€Å"Since killing is generally wrong it should be kept to as narrow a range of exceptions as possible’ While mercy is a moral obligation, killing is never as mercy. The term mercy killing is a contradiction and when we use the term to justify the killing of the disabled or the mentally incompetent, we fail to care for the most needy in the community, which is a fundamental moral duty. Dyck’s view is in keeping with traditional Christian thought, and most Christian theologians, which holds that active, direct help in the taking of human life is prohibited. Whereas voluntary euthanasia, self-willed by a rational, legally competent person, has ben permitted by some theologians, active euthanasia in which the person plays no role, has been condemned by the majority of Christian thinkers. The ethical approaches to the problem taken by Christians sometimes reflect a move from general principles to specific applications (the sanctity of life to the prohibition of euthanasia) and also at times the concern about the sinful nature of human beings and their unreliability at making good decisions through the use of ‘right reason’

Organizational Behavior at My Company Essay

To understand how the concept of organizational behavior can be applied and described through the work environment of My Company, I will first explore a general definition of what Organizational Behavior is and then relate how the individual components apply. According to Stephen Robbins, author of our Organizational Behavior textbook, â€Å"Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness†(9). The first component of this definition is to see the impact that the individuals have, followed by the impact of the groups, and then finally the impact of the structure. I will expand on each of these areas and relate them to the current practices within My Company. It is probable that the single most prevalent aspect of organizational behavior through the eyes of an employee would be the impact that they personally have on the company. What this implies, is that when I try to describe the impact individuals have to the company, it will be solely from my perspective as a non-managerial employee. Had my perspective been from that of an employee in a management-level position, it would most likely differ. From the experiences that I have had in the two and a half years that I have worked at My Company, it seems to me that individuals are encouraged to take the initiative to make their work as productive as possible. I have been part of many changes that have been initiated by non-management level employees to try and streamline and improve efficiencies within the company. This has led me to believe that one of the ‘in-use’ espoused values is that of empowering all levels of employees with the ability to make changes that will directly affect their particular areas. When evaluating the group component and how that relates to the My Company environment, I am going to make the assumption that a group is the equivalent of a department. These departmental segregations help to increase internal accountability and define what each group will be responsible for. Each group has its own independent structure and operates a little differently depending on the style of the individual manager. Many of these groups (departments) can be broken down into subgroups to further delegate  components of work. The outcome is that within each department or group there is a hierarchy where you will find different forms of leadership. Some of these subgroup leaders lead by being experts in their fields rather than having a title of being a manager. Within my group there is a distinct leader that I work for. I have found that if I am struggling with a project or if I cannot define the scope of a job that I am working on often times I can rely on help from the leader of my group to help achieve the desired results. If for some reason components (individuals) within my subgroup started to perform poorly, the outcome could have serious consequences to the productivity of our entire department. Conversely, if we were able to drastically improve performance metrics for our areas of responsibility, we would then be able to offset some work from other areas within the group. This interdependence of the subgroups has helped our group to have more control of the aspects that will impact how productively the company will continue to be going forward. Through the process of defining the groups within My Company, I have made reference to the internal group structure. Instead of rehashing this same information and tying it back to the structural component mentioned in the definition of organizational behavior, I am going to relate how my manager is able to structure her team to be as effective and productive as possible. Looking through the four essential management functions (Robbins 5) defined in our reading material, (planning, organizing, leading and controlling) I am able to see how my manager struggles to constantly apply these ideas in her day to day responsibilities. Our group organizes weekly meetings where we try to plan what tasks we would like to undertake in the near future. My manager is responsible for keeping these meetings in focus so that overall group objectives are met. Through controlling and delegating within these meetings, she has shown the ability to lead our group and utilize different strengths of individuals to maximize our effectiveness. Being able to take more of an observational role in this situation has helped me to understand the different idiosyncrasies that exist within our company and department. By identifying these ‘quirks’ I feel that I am able to better understand how many of the different internal components and people must work together in order to achieve desired results. This has helped me to recognize, at least  at the group level, how one can utilize many of the resources to maximize efficiencies within My Company. Works Cited Robbins, Stephen. Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson, 2001.

The Complete Writing Guide on a Public Relations Term Paper

The Complete Writing Guide on a Public Relations Term Paper Being a student means being challenged with ideas of where to start or how to finish any given assignment. Meanwhile, the teaching and studying processes always are aimed at revealing the already existing ideas and concepts, and at the same time encouraging students to develop their thoughts. Once you get the task to write a term paper, your professor probably waits for your paper as soon as possible. Know why? Not only because he/she wants to put a mark for your research and writing, but because your term paper is a source where everyone can familiarize with new explorations of the field. In your case, it is Public Relations. Nonetheless, most students fail to write their term papers. The common reason for such failures is a disregard of basic writing instructions or the lack of knowledge or skills about what writing a specific type of paper means. Let’s discover your particular assignment a public relations term paper in detail. Get Started to Write a Term Paper on Public Relations So the time has come for writing your first term paper. If your discipline is Public Relations, then writing a term paper sounds even more challenging just because of the variety of topics in public relations. Nonetheless, the first point which you have to familiarize with is what a term paper means and why it is so specific for you. As a type of research paper, a term paper is especially important because it accounts for the largest part of a grade. With that in mind, a term paper appears to be more valuable in comparison to essays or other research papers. However, it means that you shouldn’t pay much attention to essay and research paper writing on public relations. Term papers are writing assignments in which a student is supposed to argue a specific point. That is why, presenting an interesting, controversial topic is a basic step to start with. First of all, you should brainstorm the issues you can write about. In order to brainstorm effectively, take a paper and a pen. Write the main concept or a topic which came into your mind. You may even use colored pencils for categorizing your research elements. Choose the Most Interesting Topic in Public Relations for a Term Paper Further, think of the other concepts and problems the main topic associates with. When it comes to term paper writing, think of the material which you learn during the term: What assumptions appear interesting to you? What ideas do you agree/disagree with? What field of study would you like to investigate more? and so on. At the same time, think of the notions you strongly disagreed with. The more topics and controversial ideas you find, the more opportunities to choose a definite subject you have. Usually, a professor offers a list of topics for term papers. However, students are sometimes asked to find a topic by themselves. While searching for a topic, focus on the innovation which your term paper may present. For instance, the use of technologies in modern public relations. The title of your term paper may sound like â€Å"The Use of Digital Elements in Public Relations† or â€Å"The Importance of Technological Progress in Public Relations.† Here is a list of public relations term paper writing topics which you may find interesting for writing a term paper on public relations. Negative and Positive Influence of Social Media on Public Relations; Employee Generated Content and Public Relations; X Modern Changes in the Public Relations Agency Model; Public Relations Agency Model in the Future; How to Make the Crisis and Reputation Management Effective; The Relationship of Public Relations and Globalization. All topics are related to the importance of public relations in the communication with external organizations. Along with that, public relations term papers can communicate the social significance of a company as well as increase its credibility and reputation, yet the company’s status in the business world. Find the Best Sources of Information for Your Term Paper After you define the topic of your term paper, you may start your research. Make a list of the sites and databases which may contain the useful information. The most helpful databases are JSTOR, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect. Remember that you should use only credible sources. While performing in-depth research, try to make notes whether in schemes or just text passages. You may be surprised how such notes may be useful in case you have run out of ideas. Develop a Strong Thesis Statement for Your Public Relations Term Paper Further, you should create a thesis statement which is a â€Å"heart† of your term paper. Thesis statement implies a meaningful idea which you are going to offer to the audience or in other words, a simple notion to defend which meanwhile is an answer to the core question of your paper. For instance, if you have chosen a topic â€Å"The Use of Digital Elements in Public Relations,† then your primary question is â€Å"Why are digital elements important in Public Relations?† Later, your thesis statement, which is an answer to the question above, may sound as following: ‘The use of digital elements is extremely useful in the public relations as the former constitutes the entire system of messaging between the internal elements of the company and the external organizations.’ Remember that any statement needs significant reasoning. With that in mind, a statement like â€Å"Digital elements are important in public relations† is not enough to persuade your reader and prove the meaningfulness of your assumptions. Be creative but present only credible information. Prepare a Well-Organized Outline of Your Term Paper The last preparation step is an outline. Certainly, you may skip this step and start writing immediately. However, such an approach may complicate your process of writing as you may lose your track of thoughts, and your paper will look messy because of unexplored ideas, yet confuse the reader. Obviously, to make your essay perfect, you should write down an outline to set your ideas in order. Though the Internet may offer you some specific types of outlines, the most common type contains the following parts: Introduction with the thesis statement, Body parts, Conclusion and recommendations. Our Experts Give Advice on the Principal Amount of Work on a Public Relations Term Paper The first part of any academic paper is an introductory paragraph. The latter provides a basic knowledge of a subject which is going to be discussed. In academic papers, an introductory paragraph does not have to grab the reader’s attention as such type of a paper is not a magazine or newspaper article. Indeed, the first sentence should represent the overall facts about the topic. For instance, an introductory paragraph for a term paper which discusses the above-mentioned topic â€Å"The Use of Digital Elements in Public Relations† may start with the following sentence: ‘Technological progress has become an irreplaceable part in the modern world and has constantly been affecting the businesses.’ Do not start your introductory paragraph with your thesis statement! Further, you should add more information about the issue you are going to investigate and its importance. For instance, you may refer to the history of the digital elements in regards to public relations and find how digital discoveries passed into the system of public relations. The last sentence of your introductory paragraph should be the thesis statement. Congratulations! You have done everything to start persuading your readers by strong arguments which are going to constitute the main part of the paper its body. The body paragraphs should contain no less than four full lines. Additionally, keep in mind the need to use transitional words and phrases for the primary reason of connecting the sentences and creating a logical presentation of argumentations. At the same time, remember to use transitional words for comparison, clarification, contrast, conclusion, etc. Also, never start your sentences with conjunctions. To achieve a proper structure, divide draft variant of the paper into several sections which would contain the main concepts. In accordance to the topic â€Å"The Use of Digital Elements in Public Relations,† your sections may be as following: â€Å"The General Implementation of Digital Elements in Public Relations†, â€Å"Electronic Public Relations†, â€Å"The Suggestions for the Future Development of Digital Elements in Public Relations† As you see, all sections of your paper should discuss different subtopics which reveal the subject of your paper and serve as a definite proof for the thesis statement. At last, the paragraphs should contain references which are also additional credible evidence for your assumptions. The last part of your paper is conclusion which usually goes as a separate section. In the conclusion part, you should mention the results of your study or to be more precise, rephrase the thesis statement and then demonstrate the evidence which you have come to during your research process. Being a summary of the paper, the conclusion is the most well-developed part which presents the results in proper order. Remember the strict rule while writing your conclusion: do not include new information which has not been mentioned in the paper as this confuses the reader and makes your track of thought unclear. Create a list of sources you referred to. An appropriate system of referencing will help avoid plagiarism as academic integrity is the main condition which allows the professor to trust you and makes you a professional writer. Depending on the format which your paper requires, the name of the list which contains sources will be called References (for the APA format), Bibliography (for the Chicago style) or Work(s) Cited (for the MLA format). The Internet will offer you various citing programs. However, it is recommendable that you check your citations by the special guides. Such book as How to Write a Lot: A Practical Guide to Productive Academic Writing (LifeTools: Books for the General Public) by Paul J. Silvia will be of great help to you. Meanwhile, installing an anti-plagiarism software is another efficient step to avoid academic dishonesty, for instance, PlagTracker and PlagScan. The most popular plagiarism and grammar checker of modernity is Grammarly. It is easy for everyone to get access to Grammarly as the program is free. Though any plagiarism checker is considered an effective tool for the detection of academic dishonesty, the additional grammar checking is highly advisable. After checking the grammar by the software, read your paper one more time. Use the following questions to stay confident about the quality of your paper: Is the text properly divided into paragraphs? Are the words in the names of the sections and subsections capitalized? Is your paper well-structured? Does it contain the repeating thoughts which should be avoided? Is the additional information properly cited? Are the sources presented in alphabetical order in the List of References? While checking the paper, pay attention to the structure of the sentences and the language. Do not make the sentences cumbersome it is better to divide a complex sentence into some short sentences if the complex structure makes the sentence messy. Be specific in your evidence and be clear in your track of thoughts. At the same time, avoid using non-academic language, for instance, the elements of slang or colloquial words: use â€Å"allow† instead of â€Å"let,† â€Å"child† instead of â€Å"kid,† etc. Remember that language is your tool for writing the paper, yet you should present an excellent knowledge of an academic language that will help you write a high-quality paper. Now let’s sum up the tips of writing a term paper! The Ingredients of a Good Public Relations Term Paper Writing Process: Brainstorm and research the topic; Create a strong thesis statement; Write a detailed outline; Write the body paragraphs: the part where you will present your evidence for the argumentation; Conclude logically; Write a list of references; Check the style and format; Check the grammar. 3 Points to Avoid While Writing a Term Paper on Public Relations: Boring and meaningless topics. Pretend to be an innovator and find an issue which would be interesting for being explored. Think of innovation. Ask yourself: how can my idea be meaningful? Your professor will value your attempt to demonstrate the thinking-outside-the-box skills. Plagiarism. Academic dishonesty is the main enemy you have to fight with to deliver a high-quality paper. Certainly, your professor has already familiarized with the majority of the professional literature. Now your professor is interested in your ideas. Be free to surprise your instructor. Non-academic language. Your professor knows what the words â€Å"dude† or â€Å"guy† mean. However, it would not be a bright idea to put them in a term paper. Remember that formal language is the best option for an major textual assignment. 3 Points to Consider While Writing a Term Paper in Public Relations: This means that the more thoughts are yours, the higher are your chances to get an excellent grade. Nonetheless, this does not mean that you should not refer to the studies of other researchers. Indeed, you must refer to the credible sources and properly cite them to avoid academic dishonesty. Proper research. This means the use of credible sources and perfect knowledge of the investigated subject. That is why using credible databases and sites is highly advisable while searching for information. Such databases as JSTOR, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science will appear to be helpful for your research. Writing style. As it has been mentioned, academic language is the core requirement in any academic paper. To refine your grammar, use the grammar-checking software along with the anti-plagiarism one. For this purpose, Grammarly is the best option as the program will allow you to simultaneously check the grammar and avoid plagiarism. In addition, the program is free which is a wonderful advantage if you are a student. Though perfectness is difficult to achieve, no one has forbidden you at least to try to reach it. Now, you’re ready to write a term paper on Public Relations as required by your instructor. We’re sure you’ll do it effectively for your academic performance and the field of study in particular. Just follow our public relations term paper guide step by step!

Sample of The Theme of Adolescence in the Book Night by Elie Wiesel

Sample of The Theme of Adolescence in the Book Night by Elie Wiesel in order to emphasize the contrast between the good and the evil, as well as lifes fragility. For Elie Wiesel choosing a perspective of a teenagers vision of Holocaust horrors is not merely a literary technique, but a terrifying memory of his own life. This is why the theme of adolescence and learning is so closely related to experiences of death and violence. The main character, Eliezer, comes from Hungary but ethnically he is Jewish, like the author. In fact, he is almost a complete alter-ego of Elie Wiesel, as he tells his personal story making only the minor changes. He belongs to a family where spirituality is an important aspect; and from his early years Eliezer studies Tora. In fact, religious studies are not a punishment for him, like for many children; he takes sincere interest in them and is a true believer of God. At the point when the story takes place, the boy is in his teens. The narration is made in the first person, so the reader cannot see the whole context apart from Eliezers perspective, but this makes the story more confessional. Besides, small details elicited from his narration tell the truth about the whole pattern. Indeed, this picture is horrible. The family of Eliezer has to pass through several circles of hell when moving to its very center. With each step it seems that the situation can be worse, but it appears that hell has different degrees of monstrosity. At first, Eliezer and his family are captured by fascists and deported to Birkenau, which is a passage to Auschwitz. At this point the female and male parts of the family are separated forever, which is only a beginning of a tragedy. He and his father have to pass through a procedure, which will determine their fate to live and work or to die. They pass this evaluation but it takes much fear and humiliation imprinted in Eliezers teenage soul. Pure and deeply religious, having a genuine trust for the world, he suddenly discovers that his ideals of humanity are undermined, and that God does not see the suffering of his people. The most important theme in Night is that of theodicy: the struggle to believe in God's justice and goodness whe n the world created by the Deity is so filled with evil. The boy, Eliezer, lived in a Jewish world, where God was loved and the people were peaceful and good (Sternlicht, 2003, p. 35). It takes courage and determination to survive physically, but it is much more difficult to keep faith that gives sense to living. The story about living in Auschwitz deals much with the good and the evil aspects of the human nature. The degree of cruelty is beyond the limits that a normal human can bear. However, it is not only cruelty of the Nazis that is discussed in the book; the author recollects and explores how violence affects the victims and whether it is contagious. There is no single answer to the question, because people act in different ways. Many of them realize that mutual care and support is the only way to survive, because humanity is the main feature that distinguishes people from other creatures. However, there are people whose spirit is broken so much that animal instincts of survival switch on leaving all human feelings aside. Such people become violent to their own family members and friends just for the sake of their own living. The vividly depicted apocalyptic abominations of the Germans, a supposedly civilized people, cause Eliezer and Wiesel to lose faith not only in God's goodness, but also in humankind's capacity for goodness. Most often, they reduce human beings to animal-like savagery as they struggle to save themselves. We are not saints. (Sternlicht, 2003, p. 36).When watching this, Eliezer gets experience about the world, about different ways that people choose in their existence. He and his father are among those who try to oppose violence, yet the boy discovers that he seems to love his human touch too. No matter how hard he tries to save his father, he fails to do so and he dies in Buchenwald. This is the final blow to Eliezer, whose faith is broken. His body survives but his soul is empty. This experience has made him an adult very quickly but it destroyed the inner carcass of his relationship with God. The true bond to the essence of existence is lost and the previous communication does not exist any longer. Besides, he takes the relationship between a father and a son as something special, which reflects the idea of God as father. Now only his father is gone, but also an important part of his life. In conclusion, it is worth saying that the book Night is far from being a typical story of a teenager. The horrors faced by the main character make it impossible for him to think of small problems of adolescence; instead, he has to start thinking about the global values of humanity. In order to survive, he has to go through moral and physical torture, death of his father and break of his intimate bond with God. The author demonstrates that violence gives birth to violence, so staying human is the major challenge for a person.

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Economic - Essay Example According to him, the nature will be destroyed in the process of industrialization. States welfare, also, will result to spread of moral hazards, the capitalists will dominate and rule the private economy after dominating social power. In addition, he said that, completion will also be essential as the complacence and old-fashioned capitalists will be doomed in the progress of sociological evolution. I can agree that he was right for most of the problems have been as a result of evolution, which has even caused global warming (LÃ ¶we, 28). Keynesian economic schools of thought differ from other schools of thoughts. The basics of the Keynesian theory is that the aggregate demand influences the individual’s decision-making and that the States monetary system policies can also influence the economy. In addition the theory, accepts the suggestion that the total economic spending includes those of individuals, organizations, and government, where it states that government spending can help in economy development, unlike in the classical theory (LÃ ¶we, 35). Lastly Keynesian theory majorly focuses on short-term solutions to economic problems but Classical theory sides with long-term solutions. In addition, Anglo-Saxon capitalism focuses mainly on shareholders and no other stakeholders or employees. Anglo-Saxon differs from Asian and European capitalism for the focuses on long term relations with bank and a regulated state market by government but on the other hand Anglo-Saxon concentrate on short term relation/ profit in expense of long-term plan. I can say that US is a good example of Anglo-Saxon for it does not control its market. First I can classify United States, Germany, Sweden, Japan and South Korea into two broad categories of corporate capitalism and Anglo-Saxon. US is an example of Anglo-Saxon, and other listed countries are corporates. Equally in the US, there is a free

Environmental Management and Quality System Essay

Environmental Management and Quality System - Essay Example In addition, it is a formal approach to managing the aspects of an organization’s activities, products, and services that have or could have an impact on the environment (Sheldon & Yoxon, 2002). According to Muchemu (2008), a quality management system is the organization’s structures, processes, procedures, and resources needed to implement quality management. The international and national standards are used to form the foundation for effective quality management systems (Schlickman, 2003). Hallmark is the largest greeting card company in the world owned by a family since it was started more than a century ago. It has an ISO9001 and ISO14001 certified system and other certified systems like BRC, SMETA/SEDEX Ethical, and FSC. In addition, it has other non-certified systems like ISO18001, PEFC, and ISO26000. Having this certified systems means that it is dedicated to management review, legal compliance, continual improvement, internal communications, traceability, concer ns/ incidents and training. This organization has environmental objectives that build to a strategic plan for each area of operations business. It also has personal objectives via appraisal process and independent verification of achievements. The Hallmark’s approach to implementation of environmental management system is by identifying key performance indicators, improvising a mean of measuring those performance indicators and designing a way of improving those performance indicators. One of the key performance indicators that the company has chosen in its approach to implementing environmental management system is to reduce water consumption by a further 5% by the end of this year, based on a 2009 baseline. The company measures this performance indicator using the monthly water usage figures provided for each site by the Yorkshire water company. In the company implementation approach, it aims to improve this key performance indicator by increasing awareness about water cons umption and the costs it brings to the company among all its employees. Moreover, the company is introducing an initiative on reducing water usage. This will be working with cross-functional teams to ensure a reduction for resources that the company uses in its processes. Another key performance indicator that Hallmark decided to use in its approach to implementing an environmental management system is ensuring a reduction in its carbon footprint by a further 2% by the end of this year compared to a 2008 baseline. In this approach, the company uses the annual reporting on energy consumption, LPG consumption and diesel consumption to measure this key performance indicator. To achieve various improvements on this performance indicator Hallmark has designed an energy management team that consists of cross-functional members. This team has been holding several meetings to discuss possible energy reduction initiatives that require being introduced. Moreover, the company has also designed staffs awareness program to educate its staffs on maximum energy utilization and effective energy saving techniques. To continue working towards recycling 95% of all solid wastes by the end of this year is another key perform