Insanity in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Craziness and insanity may be observed as a negative quality, but it also links to creativity in ways of thinking differently from the average mind, which is the way the narrator thinks in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. This short story is based on the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and what she experiences while put under the â€Å"rest cure†. â€Å"Gilman suffers a near mental breakdown in the mid 1800’s, and been prescribed a rest treatment very similar to the one prescribed to the narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† (Korb, Rena. â€Å"An Overview of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. Gale Online Encyclopedia). She writes this story as if it were various journal entries written by the narrator in a first person point of view. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator faces depression, insanity and anxiety caused by her surroundings and the treatment she is put under. In the late 1800’s, a doctor by the name of Silas Weir Mitchell was an American neurologist who developed a â€Å"rest cure† for patients with conditions of neurasthenia, hysteria and other nervous illnesses. â€Å"Problems that would now be treated by psychiatrists, such as depression, were treated by neurologists such as Mitchell† (Korb, Rena. â€Å"An overview of The Yellow Wallpaper†. Gale Online Encyclopedia). In the late 1800’s psychiatrists were not around to treat depression, so these symptoms were taken to Dr. S. Weir Mitchell for treatment. This cure was significantly seen in the United States and the United Kingdom,Show MoreRelatedInsanity in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman1187 Words   |  5 PagesInsanity in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, a nervous wife, an overprotective husband, and a large, dank room covered in musty wallpaper all play important parts in driving the wife insane. The husbands smothering attention, combined with the isolated environment, incites the nervous nature of the wife, causing her to plunge into insanity to the point she sees herself in the wallpaper. The authors masterful use ofRead MoreInsanity and Feminism in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman504 Words   |  3 PagesInsanity and Feminism in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects the intense struggle with of a woman during the late 1800’s. However, as the story unfolds, we realize the reasons for this insanity and the connections of this breakdown to the main character’s husband, John. What we discover is the way women were treated during the late 1800’s and the significance of this treatment on their lives. The storyRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Yellow Brick Road to Insanity704 Words   |  3 PagesThe story, The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects societys attitude and treatment of mental health issues in the late 1800s. As the story begins, the narrator chronicles her mental health deterioration after the birth of her baby. Her writings reflect her husband’s attitude about her condition, which represents society’s ignorance of women’s medical issues. As the story progresses, the wallpaper itself becomes personified as a prison warden, who oppresses her freedom. AsRead MoreDon Robertson and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore the theme of personal identity throughout their1300 Words   |  6 PagesDon Robertson and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore the theme of personal identity throughout their works, from Robertson’s The Greatest Thing Since Sliced Bread, to Gilman’ s The Yellow Wallpaper. Though both Don Robertson and Charlotte Perkins Gilman both illustrate and explore the theme of personal identity in very different ways, there are also many similar ways it is illustrated and explored by both authors as well. Don Robertson shows this theme of personal identity through Morris Bird’s cautiousRead More A Woman Indefinitely Plagued: The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper1318 Words   |  6 Pages A Woman Indefinitely Plagued: The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper In The Yellow Wallpaper, a young woman and her husband rent out a country house so the woman can get over her â€Å"temporary nervous depression.† She ends up staying in a large upstairs room, once used as a â€Å"playroom and gymnasium, [†¦] for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls.† A â€Å"smoldering unclean yellow† wallpaper, â€Å"strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight,† lines the walls,Read More Setting, Symbolism and Oppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper785 Words   |  4 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper: Setting, Symbolism andnbsp;Oppression of Women Have you ever been locked in a dark closet? You grope about trying to feel the doorknob, straining to see a thin beam of light coming from underneath the door. As the darkness consumes you, you feel as if you will suffocate. There is a sensation of helplessness and hopelessness. Loneliness, caused by oppression, is like the same darkness that overtakes its victim. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in The Yellow Wallpaper, recountsRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1362 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is gothic psychological short story written in journal-style with first-person narrative. Other elements used in the story are symbols, irony, foreshadowing, and imagery. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper is about a woman who suffers from postpartum depression. Her husband, a physician, puts her on â€Å"rest cure of quiet and solitude.† (Wilson 278). This cure consisted of the narrator being confinedRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1673 Words   |  7 PagesSvetlana Kryzhanovskaya Prof. Grajeda ENC 3014-MidTerm Paper March 12, 2012 Structuralism amp; Feminist Theory ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ written by Charlotte Gilman can be affectively analyzed from two schools of thought structuralism and feminist theory. Though structuralists’ deny the work of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century,Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper913 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† For quite a long time before the past century, the female gender had been a race characterized by limited opportunity and the widespread belief of inferiority to the male gender. It was not until the women’s rights movement took off in the 1920’s that women began to enjoy having the same opportunities as men and playing an active role in society. Before that time, women were perceived as being inferior to their male counterparts and received less respect than men. This resultedRead MoreCharlotte Perkins Gilm Domestic Insanity And Feminism1072 Words   |  5 PagesMelanie Bottini ENGL 222 TTh 11:30 AM Chris Ruiz-Velasco 10 February 2014 Charlotte Perkins Gilman – Domestic Insanity and Feminism Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an author who lived from 1860 to 1935 who represents the movement of American women towards intellectual freedom and empowerment during the turn of the century. Gilman was a great lecturer who used her fame to spread her ideas across the country, speaking at various organizations at cities from coast to coast. She was also a poet, novelist

Grendel Vs. Beowulf Essay - 928 Words

Grendel nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most compelling and highly developed characters in the novel Grendel, written by John Gardner, and the poem Beowulf, written by an anonymous poet, is the monster, Grendel. Even though these pieces show two different sides to Grendel they are similar in many ways. Grendel evokes sympathy toward the hideous monster by making him seem like the victim, while Beowulf portrays him as being the most loathsome of enemies. The reasons behind Grendelamp;#8217;s being, his killing, and finally his death make him one of the most controversial and infamous monsters in literature. Grendel is the man-killing monster that Beowulf portrayed him as being, yet he is also the lonely victim of a judgmental†¦show more content†¦The poet in Beowulf also mentions that despite his strength and magnitude, Grendel is not comparable to the devil despite his truly evil ideals. It is made clear that he has no other choice but to be this way, and there must be an evil f orce in all societies to distinguish the heroes from the cowardly thanes. This is made evident in Grendel when during the dragonamp;#8217;s speech to Grendel he says, amp;#8220;You are mankind, or manamp;#8217;s condition: inseparable as the mountain-climber and the mountain. If you withdraw, youamp;#8217;ll instantly be replaced. Brute existence, you know, are a dime a dozen.; The dragon is saying that even if Grendel decides to change his course in life and never kill another man, nothing will change. Man will be forced to find a new monster to wage war against, for good can not exists without some evil. Beowulf also hints at this by referring to Beowulfamp;#8217;s first battle with the nicors in his childhood swimming race against Brecca. Without his defeat of the nicors, Beowulf would not have become thought of as a hero and therefore would never have been sent to protect Hrothgaramp;#8217;s men from Grendel. Beowulf tells of Grendelamp;#8217;s spontaneous attacks on the meadhall where he would kill and devour sleeping thanes until his thirst for blood was quenched. This description of Grendel shows his nature as an animal simply responding to his jealousyShow MoreRelatedBeowulf vs Grendel Essay713 Words   |  3 Pages The roles that Beowulf and Grendel played in the story were very easily deciphered. Beowulf being pure good, and Grendel being pure evil. One of the reasons of why the book â€Å"Beowulf† is so well known is because of the fact that it is one of the first stories of good vs. evil, or light vs. dark. In modern good and evil stories, there are super heroes with super powers. They use these powers for the good of the world and to help innocent people. In most cases there is a villainRead MoreThe Characters Of Grendel Vs. Beowulf713 Words   |  3 PagesNoble Grendel In what other book is the monster, the character with more nobility? Both monsters, Grendel and Beowulf, are brave in what they do but being brave is not all it takes to be noble. Grendel is more noble than Beowulf because of the truth he portrays through what he believes in, the perseverance he has when put into a dangerous situation or position, and the fidelity he shows toward his mother. Grendel is very truthful and he sticks to what he says. If he truly believed in a concept thenRead MoreGrendel vs. Beowulf Comparison901 Words   |  4 Pagestranslation of Beowulf and John Gardner’s Grendel. Both novels are based on the idea of Beowulf killing Grendel. However, the two different points of view telling the story create vastly different novels. Beowulf highlights the heroic and positive world in which Beowulf lives. Whereas Grendel elucidates on the miserable life that Grendel is circumscribed to. The consistent variance in tone skews the events in two completely different directions. The tone between Beowulf and Grendel differ in perceptionRead MoreGrendel vs. Beowulf Essay examples969 Words   |  4 PagesGrendel One of the most compelling and highly developed characters in the novel Grendel, written by John Gardner, and the poem Beowulf, written by an anonymous poet, is the monster, Grendel. Even though these pieces show two different sides to Grendel they are similar in many ways. Grendel evokes sympathy toward the hideous monster by making him seem like the victim, while Beowulf portrays him as being the most loathsome of enemies. The reasons behind Grendel#8217;s being, his killing,Read MoreGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf807 Words   |  3 PagesGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf In the story of Beowulf, there are many different themes found. Many people argue the main theme found in this story. This has been argued for a very long time and will go on for many more years to come. Although many themes in this story stick out and a main theme will never be accepted, one main theme is very noticeable in the story of Beowulf. The main theme found in Beowulf is good versus evil. Good versus evil is very easy to recognize. â€Å"Some peopleRead MoreCompare And Contrast Beowulf And Grendel725 Words   |  3 PagesRogalcheck Honors English 3 10/29/17 Grendel Point of View Essay Both the epic poem Beowulf and the novel Grendel depict the same storyline, but from different point of views. Grendel’s personality tends to be much more evil than he himself depicts in the novel. Since Grendel is the narrator of the novel, the audience only gets to know what the story is like from his point of view, which he stretches the truth on numerous occasions. But, in Beowulf, the poem has a narrator and is in the thirdRead MoreGood vs. Evil1659 Words   |  7 Pages Good Vs. Evil In Beowulf, the conflict between good and evil is the poem s main and most important aspect. The poet makes it clear that good and evil doesn’t exist as only opposites, but that both qualities are present in everyone. Beowulf represents the ability to do good or to perform acts selflessly and in help of others. Goodness is also showed throughout this epic as having the ability to cleanse evil. Even though evil is presented by Grendel, Grendel s mother, and the dragon, who are filledRead MoreBeowulf: Themes1038 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf: Themes The Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is the most important work of Old English literature, and is well deserved of the distinction. The epic tells the story of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, a descendent of Cain, and of his exploits fighting Grendel s mother and a Dragon. Throughout the epic, the Anglo-Saxon story teller uses many elements to build a certain depth to the characters. Just a few of the important character elementsRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Beowulf1456 Words   |  6 PagesGood vs. Evil in Beowulf Beowulf is longest and greatest early Anglo-Saxon poem which was composed in England sometime in the eighth century AD by a literate scop. This poem was created in the oral poetic tradition. This poem is considered as an epic because it is a long narrative poem which composed in an elevated style, dealing with the glories of hero (Tolkien 24). The setting of this epic is the six century in Denmark and southern Sweden. The protagonist, Beowulf is a noble warrior representsRead MoreA Summary of the Epic of Beowulf Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages Beowulf is a story that takes place in medieval Europe, the main part of the story is about a knight, Beowulf, who has to fight evil creatures such as a dragon. No one is exactly sure who wrote Beowulf, Paleographers believe that the soul surviving manuscript was copied down in the late tenth century or early eleventh. This early copy of Beowulf is still around today. This single manuscript can be found in the British Library in London. Scholars believe that the story itself was written between

The Metabolism Of Mesalamine - Click For Free Sample

Question: Describe about The Metabolism of Mesalamine And Its Possible Use In Colonic Diverticulitis As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent? Answer: Introduction Mesalazine (Synonyms: Mesalamine, 5-Aminosalicylic acid), being an anti inflammatory drug, is used for the treatment of Crohns disease, Ulcerative Colitis and other Inflammatory Bowel Disease. It is also known to possess anti oxidant activity. The formulation efficacy of Mesalazine has been found to be dependent on pH especially in case of Ulcerative Colitis. If the drug release happens in the colon at a pH greater than or equal to 7, it can be effective in cases of terminal ileum and caecum, extending to the colon. If the drug release happens in the colon at a pH greater than or equal to 6, cases involving ileum can be effectively treated. Therefore, the scope of the present report is to identify the manufacturing and regulatory issues of Mesalazine and a comparative study with Cyclosporin. Manufacturing issues of Mesalazine Inflammatory bowel disease is an inflamed condition of the small intestine including the colon. The existing therapies do not give satisfactory diminution to the patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases. The dosage form manufacturing needs a changeover to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy with the minimum effective concentration. Novel drug delivery system can be a novel approach to achieve this condition. Mesalazine, being a drug of choice for inflammatory bowel disease, cannot be formulated in alternative release patterns. The conventional dosage forms have not been found to be satisfying in this regard. Anti adhesion molecules has the gut selectivity property. Therefore, it can be an interesting mode of treatment. Adaptive immune response in the gut happens because of the antigen presenting cells which are further professional or non-professional, regulatory T cells, effector cells and mucosal B cells. The most targeted site of the anti adhesion molecule therapies is the integrin family. Monoclonal antibodies are developed for targeting the integrins. Selective blockers may also be used as alternative therapy agents. Since Mesalazine is used as a conventional method of treatment and not presently manufactured as anti adhesion molecules, it cannot achieve the prolonged and desirable results as can be achieved by them (1). The mechanism of action in the intestinal endothelium of the adhesion molecules and the anti adhesion drug blockage Source: (1) However, Since Mesalazine is the drug of choice in the first line of treatment in inflammatory bowel disease, it has been modified and manufactured accordingly to bring about the best possible therapeutic effects. The manufacturers also designed and rectified its formulation issues to achieve better results with Mesalazine. One of the recent development in its manufacturing is the Mesalazine rectal suppository, which provides comfort to use to the patients of inflammatory bowel disease. The achievable drug load is upto 35% to 50%. The melting point can be set in the range 32 to 35.5C. Sufficiently larger surface area of the drug molecules provides better bioavailability for the granules. The weight can also be drastically reduced (2). Graph 1: Dissolution profile of Mesalazine with three different variables. Source: (2) Another interesting approach to overcome the manufacturing limitations and its subsequent therapeutic effects is the formulation of Mezavant XL tablet. It has the ingredients as per the manufacturers formula, which has been listed below. Carmellose Sodium Carnauba Wax Stearic Acid Silicon Dioxide Sodium Starch Glycollate Purified Talc Magnesium Stearate Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Triethyl Citrate Titanium Dioxide (E171) Red Oxide of Iron (C177491) Macrogol 6000 The tablet core consists of the active pharmaceutical ingredient Mesalamine mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) along with the following ingredients Carmellose Sodium, Carnauba Wax, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Starch Glycollate, Purified Talc and Magnesium Stearate. The film coating material consists of Purified Talc, Methacrylic Acid Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers (1:1) and (1:2), Triethyl Citrate, Titanium Dioxide, Red Ferric Oxide and Macrogol 6000. It is a novel drug delivery system with once a day drug regime. TNO gastrointestinal model can be used to study the release kinetics of the drug. It is a dynamic system that simulates in vitro adult human GIT conditions under fasted and fed conditions. The formulation effectively delays the release from the tablet until it reaches the colon. The release is prolonged in the colon (3). Graph 2: Recovery of Mesalazine in the colon dialysate during gut passage under simulated conditions of fasted and fed. Source: (3) According to WHO, newer formulations are being invented and studied which are found to be bioequivalent to Mesalazine. These are from herbal sources and are found to possess potent activity in inflammatory bowel disease, much similar to Mesalazine. By virtue of their herbal nature, they are reported to find minimum side effects with similar therapeutic efficacy (4). One of the natural alternatives is Slippery Elm. This contains mucilage, which forms a gel when mixed with water. It soothes and coats the intestine and stomach and its antioxidant property helps in relieving the IBD conditions. It also increases the production of mucus in the GI tract, which provides protection against acidity and ulcers. Even medicinal cannabis has been found to be significantly beneficial for the patients suffering from IBD. Regulatory issues of Mesalazine The Mesalazine market in the UK is 56% for Asacol and 25% for Pentasa (5). The regulatory approval of Mesalazine involves the relevance of comparison of the clinical and pharmacokinetic end point studies. In vitro dissolution studies of the new and existing products should be compared to establish the fact that the new Mesalazine product is pharmaceutically equivalent. In vitro dissolution should be carried out on a wide range of pH under simulated GI conditions. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies give the exact differences in the drug release patterns of the new and existing Mesalazine products, which is essential for the regulatory filing of Mesalazine (6). As per MHRA, British National Formulary and the National Prescribing Centre recommend that the prescriptions for all the formulations of Mesalazine should be made based on the severity of the patient (7). Mesalazine is a medication that can be obtained only with a prescription. Therefore, the physician, as per the severity of the patient, will decide the dosage. A dosage of upto 4g may be prescribed in divided doses in case of the treatment of a colitis attack. However, to prevent further attacks a single dose of 2g may be prescribed. Systemic bioequivalence, as a standard regulatory assessment process, is not sufficient for evaluating oral, modified release and topical products. Therefore, the new trend for determining the bioequivalence of oral Mesalazine involves the combination of bioequivalence, adequate comparative trial and dissolution. Assessment of the new products having modified release should be rigorous enough to boost the confidence of the physicians and patients regarding their usage (8). Modified release products provide better bioavailability. More the release duration, more is the duration of action. Therefore, this will consequently reduce the dosing frequency and reduce the costs in the end. Finally, these modified release products will benefit both, the patient and physician, which will be effective in the treatment of intestinal disorders with lesser proportion of medications consumed by the patient. Table 1: Established preparation of Mesalazine (Oral, modified release) in UK market Source: (8) Conclusion The process of drug development involves provision of safe, affordable, timely and effective therapies to the patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The designs of clinical trials should be standardized and improved in case of inflammatory bowel disease for improved patient profile. Therefore, the manufacturing issues of Mesalazine should be well scrutinized for improved therapeutic products and better regulatory issues, providing enhanced market appeal, to survive the ever-growing challenge of novel drug delivery system and market competencies. References Cohen HD, Das KM. The Metabolism Of Mesalamine And Its Possible Use In Colonic Diverticulitis As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2014 Aug 1;40:S150-4. Dobis DR, Sawyer RT, Gillespie MM, Newman LS, Maier LA, Day BJ. Sulfasalazine and mesalamine modulate beryllium-specific lymphocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 2012 Oct;43(4):458-64. Goyanes A, Buanz AB, Hatton GB, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D printing of modified-release aminosalicylate (4-ASA and 5-ASA) tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2015 Jan 31;89:157-62. Guada M, Sebastin V, Irusta S, Feijo E, del Carmen Dios-Viitez M, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Lipid nanoparticles for cyclosporine A administration: development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of their immunosuppression activity. International journal of nanomedicine. 2015;10:6541. Gupta SK. Regulatory filing strategy for generic mesalazine modified release formulations. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2015 Apr;43(2):221. Ham M, Moss AC. Mesalamine in the treatment and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Mar 1;5(2):113-23. Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ. European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohns disease. Gut. 2014 Feb 1;56(2):161-3. Karn PR, Jin SE, Lee BJ, Sun BK, Kim MS, Sung JH, Hwang SJ. Preparation and evaluation of cyclosporin a-containing proliposomes: a comparison of the supercritical antisolvent process with the conventional film method. International journal of nanomedicine. 2014;9:5079. Lobaton T, Vermeire S, Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Review article: anti adhesion therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary pharmacology therapeutics. 2014 Mar 1;39(6):579-94. Miroux C, Morales O, Ghazal K, Othman SB, De Launoit Y, Pancr V, Conti F, Delhem N. In vitro effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus on regulatory T-cell proliferation and function. Transplantation. 2012 Jul 27;94(2):123-31. Singer BD, King LS, DAlessio FR. Regulatory T cells as immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2014 Feb 11;5(46.10):3389. Tenjarla S, Romasanta V, Zeijdner E, Villa R, Moro L. Release of 5-aminosalicylate from an MMX mesalamine tablet during transit through a simulated gastrointestinal tract system. Advances in therapy. 2013 Jul 1;24(4):826-40.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Cuckoos Nest Essays -

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Cuckoo's Nest There is much strength associated with both speech and silence. One can use either to their advantage in a power struggle. In the book One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Randle Patrick McMurphy and Nurse Ratched employ the power of speech and Chief Bromden uses the power of silence until the end of the novel when he gains the power of speech. These cases prove that the greatest power is not held in speech or silence alone, but in the effective combination of the two. Many people believe verbal communication to be a very powerful way of expressing oneself. Words gain there power when the volume is raised and lowered alternatively to make a point. Additionally, the influence of speech can manifest itself in a number of ways. It can be used to humiliate, to intimidate, to flirt and to threaten, all of which are integral and pragmatic strategies to win a power struggle. McMurphy uses his power of speech to rally his fellow patients against Nurse Ratched who is constantly revoking their privileges. He also uses it furtively to acquire all that he desires, by conning the other patients. Throughout the novel he is very loud and is known for his unwavering ability to speak his mind and confront those that oppose him. Nurse Ratched uses her voice throughout the novel to intimidate the patients. She is the antagonist of the novel. The patients obsequiously follow Ratcheds command, until McMurphy comes along. They all fear that she will send them for shock therapy if they dont obey her. Nurse Ratched is the most daunting persona of the novel, due in large part to the use of her voice. . Throughout the novel both McMurphy and Nurse Ratched are continually trying to pull each other down. Nurse Ratched using her dominant speaking skills tries to prove to the patients that McMurphy is conning them with his vocalizations, Look at some of these gifts, as devoted fans of his might call them. First, there was the gift of the tub room. Was that actually his to give? Did he lose anything by acquiring it as a gambling casino? On the other hand, how much do you suppose he made in the short time he was croupier of his little Monte Carlo here on the ward? How much did you lose I think you all have some idea what your personal losses were, but do you know what his total winning came to, according to deposits he has made at Funds? Almost three hundred dollars(222). The Nurse begins to convince the patients that McMurphy is harming them more than helping them. Until the novels conclusion, McMurphy and Nurse Ratched are the most authoritative people in the ward. They both have ultimate control over the inmates in accordance with their objectives. McMurphy cons many of the patients into giving him money and had them hanging on his every word. Nurse Ratched struck trepidation into the patients as they were confronted with the possibility that she might physically injure them or refer them for shock therapy. In light of her dominating persona, the patients too follow her command. However, the novels close highlights Ratcheds and McMurphys loss of power, proving that speech alone cant be the sole way of gaining control within an environment. Silence can also be used as a combatant to gain supremacy. Keeping quiet, is the best remedy to counteracting an aggressive persona. Rather than attacking, the response of quietude is most effective. It frustrates the hostile individual, causing him to introspect and rethink his belligerent position, and in effect quells the foe. (Silence can also be used to help obtain information that one wouldnt be able to gain if one is very outspoken. People willingly confide in others who assure them silence and provides them with the solace that their secret is safe.) The utilization of silence during a power struggle is prevalent throughout the novel. Chief Bromden uses silence very effectively to his advantage. Everyone thinks that he is deaf and dumb, however, their perception proves to be erroneous, as we learn at the novels end. Chief Bromden is a very large man who falsely thinks of